RESUMEN
La osteotomía medializante de calcáneo forma parte del elenco de opciones de tratamiento en el pie plano adquirido en adultos. La corrección estructural que se consigue es ampliamente conocida. Sin embargo, el efecto de este procedimiento sobre los tejidos blandos que soportan el arco plantar ha sido poco estudiado, pues experimentalmente no es posible cuantificar las variaciones de tensión y deformación generadas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto que tiene la osteotomía medializante de calcáneo sobre el tejido blando que soporta el arco plantar, usando un modelo computacional de pie humano diseñado con un enfoque clínico. El modelo por elementos finitos propuesto fue reconstruido a partir de imágenes de tomografías computarizadas de un paciente sano. Se incluyeron todos los huesos del pie, la fascia plantar, cartílagos, ligamentos plantares y el ligamento calcáneo-navicular, respetando su distribución anatómica y propiedades biomecánicas. Las simulaciones fueron realizadas emulando la fase de apoyo monopodal de la marcha humana de un adulto. El efecto sobre cada tejido fue evaluado siguiendo criterios clínicos y biomecánicos. Los resultados muestran que la osteotomía de calcáneo reduce la tensión generada normalmente sobre los tejidos evaluados, siendo el efecto sobre el ligamento calcáneo-navicular y la fascia plantar los más notables. Los resultados de deformación obtenidos son consistentes con ensayos experimentales y el conocimiento clínico. La versatilidad de este modelo permite la valoración objetiva de diferentes condiciones y apoya la toma de decisión para el tratamiento del pie plano adquirido en adultos en estadios medio y avanzado
Medializing calcaneal osteotomy forms part of the treatment options for adult acquired flat foot. The structural correction that is achieved is widely known. However, the effect of this procedure on the soft tissues that support the plantar arch has been little studied, since it is not possible to quantify experimentally the tension and deformation variations generated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of medializing calcaneal osteotomy on the soft tissue that supports the plantar arch, using a computational model of the human foot designed with a clinical approach. The proposed finite element model was reconstructed from computerized tomography images of a healthy patient. All the bones of the foot, the plantar fascia, cartilages, plantar ligaments and the calcaneus-navicular ligament were included, respecting their anatomical distribution and biomechanical properties. Simulations were performed emulating the monopodal support phase of the human walk of an adult. The effect on each tissue was evaluated according to clinical and biomechanical criteria. The results show that calcaneal osteotomy reduces the tension normally generated on the evaluated tissues, with the effect on the calcaneus-navicular ligament and the plantar fascia being the most notable. The deformation results obtained are consistent with experimental tests and clinical knowledge. The versatility of this model allows the objective assessment of different conditions and supports decision making for the treatment of adult acquired flat foot in middle and advanced stages
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Calcáneo/cirugía , Simulación por Computador , Pie Plano/cirugía , Pie/anatomía & histología , Osteotomía/métodos , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Imagenología TridimensionalRESUMEN
Medializing calcaneal osteotomy forms part of the treatment options for adult acquired flat foot. The structural correction that is achieved is widely known. However, the effect of this procedure on the soft tissues that support the plantar arch has been little studied, since it is not possible to quantify experimentally the tension and deformation variations generated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of medializing calcaneal osteotomy on the soft tissue that supports the plantar arch, using a computational model of the human foot designed with a clinical approach. The proposed finite element model was reconstructed from computerized tomography images of a healthy patient. All the bones of the foot, the plantar fascia, cartilages, plantar ligaments and the calcaneus-navicular ligament were included, respecting their anatomical distribution and biomechanical properties. Simulations were performed emulating the monopodal support phase of the human walk of an adult. The effect on each tissue was evaluated according to clinical and biomechanical criteria. The results show that calcaneal osteotomy reduces the tension normally generated on the evaluated tissues, with the effect on the calcaneus-navicular ligament and the plantar fascia being the most notable. The deformation results obtained are consistent with experimental tests and clinical knowledge. The versatility of this model allows the objective assessment of different conditions and supports decision making for the treatment of adult acquired flat foot in middle and advanced stages.
